Super Crate Box (295 crates on SFMT official, Construction Yard)

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Construction Fall Walkthrough 1-12

Construction Fall Walkthrough. Physic game from FunFlow. Level 1 through 12.

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Blue Card Australia - Easiest Ways To Get Your Construction Blue Card

To visit or work on a construction site in Queensland Australia you need a Blue Card. Australia has several different types of construction induction training course, depending on which state you're in, and the Blue Card course is the one you need if you live anywhere in Queensland.

In fact, you can't even get on to a construction site without one, so they're pretty important if you're a construction worker, labourer, tradesman, engineer, architect, project manager, soil tester, or a host of other occupations that need to visit construction sites!

There are two main ways you can go about getting your Queensland Blue Card. Australia in general offers mostly only face-to-face training, but in Queensland you can also do your course online.

Face to face training typically takes four hours of your day to do the actual course, plus travel time, parking etc. etc. and so it can be a real inconvenience, to say nothing of lost income and productivity. This has been the traditional way to do this kind of training.

Blue Card Australia - Online Options.

But in recent years online alternatives have sprung up. Doing your Blue Card training online means you can choose when you do it - you can even complete the training during evenings or on the weekend, out of work hours - if you want to.

The best courses allow you to complete the training in several sittings - the software remembers where you got up to, so next time you login, you just start where you left off last time - very handy!

Interactive, multi-media courses are much more interesting, and easy-to-learn with than boring text hand-outs and bored presenters... the ease and speed with which you'll learn and retain the important information is amazing!

Identification Requirement For Online Blue Card Australia Courses.

New regulations introduced into Queensland in January 2008 require trainees to comply with several identification verification procedures so that the issuing Registered Training Organisation can be confident the trainee is actually who they say they are! You will have to provide a certified copy of ID like your Drivers License, and also get a Statutory Declaration (provided) witnessed by a Justice of the Peace (J.P.), or a Commissioner for Declarations (C.Dec.). Such people can readily be found in shopping centres, Post Offices, and office locations.

If you need to get your Blue Card Australia we recommend the online approach for convenience, speed and ease-of-learning.

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Easy Pond and Water Garden Construction

Today's successful water garden usually is designed as an ecosystem that uses a balance between fish, plants and bacteria keeping the water clear. The type of pond I'm talking about is self-contained (not fed by a spring or stream) and between 100-900 sq ft; a backyard water garden that is easy to maintain and adds value to your lifestyle and property. 20 years ago the typical do-it-yourself water garden was a muck-filled cesspool waiting to happen, while the successful koi pond required deep water and unattractive out of the pond filtering equipment. Thanks to a better understanding of the pond ecosystem and some equipment ideas borrowed from the pool equipment industry, anyone with the ability to dig, make things level, and move rocks and dirt around can create a beautiful living water garden if they use proven equipment and methods.

Now I will admit that there are other ways that can work; But none of the other pond construction methods have the successful track record I've seen with pond installs using this system.

The basic elements for this system are underlayment, liner, rocks and gravel, skimmer, fill valve, pump, plumbing, biological filtration, plants, fish, and bacteria.

Here's a simplified explanation of how this works as an ecosystem. Fish eat insects and plants and then the fish waste spreads through the system . The skimmer draws water off the top layer of the pond helping with circulation and aeration while trapping floating debris in a net. The pump is situated under the net in the skimmer and pumps up to a bio-filter. The bio-filter is often designed to be incorporated into a waterfall. The water enters the bio filter and rises up through filter media that is colonized by bacteria. The bacteria converts the waste into forms less harmful to the fish and less conducive to excessive algae growth. The waterfall or stream add more aeration that the bacteria and fish need. The plants uptake more of the nitrogen and some oxygenate the water. The rocks and gravel provide more area for bacteria and protect the liner from UV rays.

Sheesh! Every time I set out to give a simple explanation of a pond ecosystem it still takes 10 sentences. Suffice it to say that all the parts work together to make your pondkeeping easy!

I use the word easy as a relative term. Compared to the work and rebuilding you may experience with other methods this is the easiest way I know. But there is still a good deal of work in pond construction. Obviously you need to dig and shape a hole in the ground and move some heavy items around. A well trained crew with everything needed on-site can install a pond in a day. It may take a few weekends for a homeowner to do the job himself, depending on their ability, time, and conditions.

Some key points:

Size: It's best to have it at least 6 ft across. Bigger is better. 16 x 11 is a good medium size. Generally people regret not making the pond larger when they are done with their first one.

Location: There is a tendency to put ponds in a place where water already collects in the yard. This isn't always the best idea. Groundwater running into the pond can create problems. If possible bring it right up near the patio where you can enjoy the fish and flowing water everyday.

Electric and plumbing: Don't overlook the need for a GFI outlet near the pump and a water source to keep the pond topped off. Most kits for some reason don't include a fill valve, but it really is important since on a windy day a pond can easily lose an inch of water. Left unattended this can lead to the pump running dry in the skimmer for a long period causing possible damage. The ponds level of course won't drop below the skimmer opening.

Lets go over the basic steps for installing this type of pond system.

Decide the size of the pond and order a kit with all the necessary components. Layout the shape of the pond with something like a garden hose. Leave it out there for a while, move it, think about where the falls and different plants will be. If you are building a stream do the layout for it too. Level ground isn't a problem since you will be excavating enough soil to buildup around your waterfall filter. Paint an outline with orange marking spray paint.

Make arrangements for getting the variety of rock and gravel you will be using.

Position your skimmer and BioFilter. The skimmer should be on the opposite side from the falls or stream to create circulation. Then lay the flexible PVC, or kink-free pipe between the skimmer and waterfall filter. This is so it can be covered during excavation instead of trenching it in.

Establish a firm compacted and level base for the Waterfall filter, perhaps leaning slightly forward, depending on it's design. If you have help they can be working on digging the pond while you get this right, or vice versa.

Hook up the plumbing to the filter and backfill around it. It's a good idea to have someone stand in the filter while it is being backfilled to prevent it from shifting out of position on the base.

Examine any slope of the land and establish where the water level will be; usually a couple inches below grade. Finish digging the pond relative to the water level. A rotating laser level is the ultimate tool for this, though they are expensive to rent. Patiently checking string levels in all directions can get the job done also. Include shelves for marginal plants and keep the sides and shelves level. The deep part of the pond should be around 2 ft or a little less. Any deeper and most towns swimming pool codes kick in with fence requirements. Unless you intend to keep a great number of koi this will be plenty deep for your fish. Planting pockets for water lilies can also be dug now. These pockets create a plantable depression in you liner for later. You can either plant directly in these pockets or hide your planters in them covering with gravel creating a more natural looking pond.

Excavate the position for the skimmer so it will be on a firm level base that gets it into correct position relative to the water level. Recheck everything. All the measurements and levels. Make sure the pond is free of sharp objects and unfold the underlayment into it. Start in the deep area pushing the underlayment into all the shelves and pockets. The EPDM rubber liner is then installed in the same way, making sure that it extends far past the waterline (settling will occur) and above the openings on your skimmer, filter, stream etc.

Add rock and gravel. Pre-washing the stones can help with a clean install or you can hose them down in the pond while pumping out the dirty water. Use larger stones at the base of each wall that forms a shelf, building up with smaller ones. Cover flat areas with 1"-2" gravel...absolutely no more than that. If you have extra gravel don't be tempted to just use more in the bottom of your pond. This is for biological reasons I won't go into now. The rock should have your liner pretty well pulled into position now so you can make final adjustments on your skimmer and attach the liner to it according to the manufacturers instructions.

Start filling the pond. Now the fun of building the waterfall and stream. Make sure you have plenty of slack running up to the falls opening before you attach it and make any cuts. Also take care to avoid folds in the liner as you twist downstream. Folds in the stream liner are a common source of leaks and why a very wide liner for a stream is recommended. Dry stack stones as in a wall up the front of the waterfall filter. Using black waterfall foam or some other type of expanding foam to seal the space between the rocks. This makes the water flow over the rocks instead of disappearing into the cracks between. Black waterfall foam is nice for blending in with the rocks. The basic outline of the stream should have been established with excavated soil from the pond, but some digging of different catch pools may be necessary and you may need to build up more of a berm at the waterfall. Rock in the sides of the stream and cover the bottom with gravel as in the pond. Use the waterfall foam to seal in rocks wherever a cascading effect is wanted, using flat rock to form the lip of falls and sealing under them.

Install the pump, install the overflow plumbing and fill valve in the skimmer. When water level is high enough and all the waterfall foam is dry, (you can assume your hands will be covered with the stuff, but try to avoid it because it is very difficult to clean off!) try out the pump. You will then need to refill the pond as it will take a large volume of water to fill the plumbing, falls and stream. Once you are happy everything is as it should be, cut the excess liner away. Leave several inches of liner for settling and possible adjustments.

There are plenty more nuances to building a pond but this should give you a decent feel for what a water garden project entails. The kits we sell include a decent installation manual and I'm happy to answer any questions as are many other pond enthusiasts.

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Finish Contractor - Handrail Construction

Interior finish work includes everything from installing baseboard to the solid construction of the main stairway and handrail. The main staircase is usually considered a piece of furniture. By this I mean, it takes an experienced Tradesman to make everything fit together flawlessly.

There is nothing more disappointing than grabbing the main Newel post as you start your way up just to find that it is loose and is cracking the handrail connection. This has always been an important step for me as a Carpenter. I usually sink the primary Newel into the floor framing through the subfloor. Before doing this you must expose the framing by cutting out some of the floor right where the newel will go: not a big deal if you know what your doing.

What a Finish Carpenter does after this can mean the difference between a rock solid connection to a pathetic attempt. Don't get me wrong,although this is an extremely important step..the Carpenter or Contractor must spend some time planning and making sure the stair ends up where it is supposed to. Building codes have to be strictly maintained in the construction process.

The rise and run of each tread and riser must be consistent and should not vary even 1/16 of an inch. Those are my standards. Ever walked up a stair and accidentally tripped on one of the treads? This may have been caused by an improper install or someone trying to correct a measurement so the stair meets up with the top floor. Very important this all comes together properly. That's why it is so important to check clearances,all measurements,wall and floor levels.

The final step is to install the handrail and this better be done right. A nice flowing appearance and solid connections are a must. Nothing worse than someone trying to fill a bad connection with putty or some kind of wood filler. That will show up "Ugly" after the finish paint or clear lacquer is applied. So much care needs to be taken in the handrail construction because parts and material are very expensive. The Carpenter or Contractor could make good money on the job or end up loosing drastically if things go wrong.

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Energy Efficient Windows For Your New Home Construction

Of particular importance in your effort to build an environmentally-friendly home is the windows that you will choose. Energy efficient windows for your new home construction can make your heating bills lower in the winter and your cooling bills easier to handle in the summer. An energy efficient window needs to be at two panes thick, have a low-E (emitting) glass coating, an airtight frame, and be rated as energy-efficient by the Energy Star program. Let's look at each of these elements of the energy efficient window in greater detail.

Frames

When considering your window frames, the material of the frame is very crucial the energy efficiency of the window itself. Opting for a vinyl or fiberglass frame ensures maximum efficiency and both of these materials do a great job of reducing the heat transfer and improving the insulation factor of the home and the home's envelope. The decision to go with vinyl or fiberglass is usually an aesthetic one for most homeowners, although cost of the window frame itself certainly plays a role in that decision. Look for window frames in vinyl and fiberglass that have been specifically engineered and designed to perform optimally, such as those that have chambers within the frame that enhance their strength, provide additional insulation and reduce noise

Multiple Panes

Having dual pane or multiple pane windows is important when installing windows that are energy efficient. Dual pane windows have a space between the two panes of glass that is filled with either gas (look for those gases like argon or krypton for their non-toxicity) or air. This provides more insulation than a single pan window. If you can afford it, go for Energy Star rated windows that have three or even more panes for the highest level of energy savings. Look for windows that feature spacers between the panes that allow for the correct distance of panes in order to allow for airflow within the pane. These warm edge spacers can be made of fiberglass, vinyl, foam or steel and will have the added benefit of reducing or preventing condensation between panes. Your windows should also feature low-E coating that will block out the infrared light from the sun that makes your home hotter in the summer and that can fade your flooring, carpeting, or furniture over time.

Financial Incentives for High Efficiency Windows

Local, state and federal governments have recently announced incentives for homeowners who install energy-efficient upgrades in their homes. These incentives include tax breaks and tax rebates. Talk to your installer or your contractor to find out if the windows that you choose qualify for these tax incentives and be sure to file for them in a timely manner. You can get up to $200 under some programs for each window that you install, either as a tax deduction or a credit on your taxes. That makes paying for your high efficiency windows easier, and provides you with a bit of money to spend on other eco-friendly upgrades.

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Why The Increase in Construction Lending and What Are The Pros and Cons?

I was speaking with one of my referring Realtors the other day and we had a detailed conversation about the current housing market. I could not help but to be enthralled in this deep conversation as there is so much going on right now, not just with real estate but its partner in crime mortgage lending (No pun intended by the use of the word crime).

Listed below are bullet points of factors affecting the current real estate market, the mortgage lending market and construction lending.

• The mortgage meltdown - Because of the mortgage meltdown guidelines have tightened in order to limit risk to investors and many lending institutions have either gone under or have taken heavy losses.

• The real-estate bubble popped - Because of the "Bubble" market values were well above where they should have been and now we are in a free fall with home prices plummeting.

• Foreclosures - There are so many foreclosures out there that the housing market has a surplus of product waiting to be bought. Too many homes, not enough buyers.

• This has caused a buyer's market and people are looking for deals; many times this means they are buying fixer uppers; many of which are foreclosures that need rehab.

Which brings me to my point; Why the Increase in Construction Lending in Texas?

You guessed it, most foreclosures are in some level of disarray and need at a minimum minor repairs. I have seen about a 20% increase in rehab and/or construction lending over the past 6 months which I attribute to the many foreclosures on the market. You have your normal investors that fix up properties and then sell them and then you have your potential owner occupying borrowers that are looking to purchase their homesteads.

The potential borrower that is going to stay in the property is normally going to use a one-time or two-time close construction loan; they both have their Pros and Cons which are listed below.

One time close construction Pros:

• You only have to qualify once and you do not need to worry about closing twice.
• Once you are locked in and approved with a valid appraisal and clear title it's a done deal.
• You will have only one closing.

One time close construction Cons:

• MI companies no longer want to insure One-time construction loans so you will have to come to the table with a 20% down payment.
• You will end up with an interest rate that is about.5% to 1% higher than the market rate.
• One time close construction loans are only available on the conventional side of the business and chances are you will not be approved unless you have a 720 to a 740 credit score and above.

Two time close construction loan Pros:

• You will end up with a better loan than if you were to go with a One-time close construction loan.
• You will have both Conventional and Government options for your final loan.
• Because of the government options for your permanent loan the credit requirements are lower than the One-time construction loan option.
• So long as you have a valid exit strategy for getting out of the actual interim loan you will be approved for the interim loan.

Two time close construction loan Cons:

• You will have 2 closings.
• Should something happen to your credit profile during the construction period your approval for the permanent loan could be impacted. (There are things the client can do to limit this risk).

While a construction loan can get complicated they normally run pretty smoothly, in the current market should an issue arise it is normally with the appraisal.
This is an overall break down of the pros and cons involved in residential owner occupied construction loan for both One-time and Two-time close construction loans. There is obviously quite a bit more to it so please don't be afraid to contact me directly. I limit the number of clientele I take one in order to provide better service so I am currently only taking on clients in Texas with estimated loan amounts of $200K or higher. Regardless of whether I can help you I hope the information I have provided is helpful.

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Bridge The Construction Game Easy 7

Bridge The Construction Game Easy 7

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Runescape: Bakuraalx's House (99 Construction) NEW

This is a tour of my POH. FAQs: How much you spent in total? about 100m for cape by making dungeon doors and 200m on house. what make cons costly are the planks, gold leafs, marbles, and magic stones plus other materials which add up. Also tons of money were spent on rebuilding and re-designing rooms and layouts over and over and the monsters + throne alone costed about 60m.. What u see here is the final product that I'm currently satisifed with 99 cons worth it? I would say no.. cuz u dont even need level 99 for the house to be useful unless u want the cape but if your going for the cape, get rdy to spend at least another 100m+ cuz u dont wanna have 99 cons without a fancy/expensive house to showoff unless u don't feel embarassed when ppl ask for a tour of ur house Money Saving/Tips: 1. design the house and make up ur mind(layout) BEFOREHAND. I rebuilt cb rooms over 10 times, workshop 5 times, gilded altar, bedrooms, and costume rooms 2 times, kitchen 3 times.. and much more..imagine how much time/planks/marbles/gold leaf I wasted.. so don't be like me 2. do Not add traps/monsters/decoration till ur happy with the dungeon layout. This one's similiar to the tip above. I rebuilt my whole dungeon like 3 times. I had to remove daggnoth cuz bad layout..7.5m down the drain. removed kalphite cuz it was too weak for a boss monster lol and wasted so much money and time on re-adding baby dragons/trolls, and removing/rebuilding traps, hanging skletons/skull torches 3. do Not put ...

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Future of Construction Process: 3D Concrete Printing

Concrete Printing Process developed at Loughborough University in the UK is capable of producing building components with a degree of customisation that has not yet been seen. It could create a new era of architecture that is adapted to the environment and fully integrated with engineering function. Web: www.buildfreeform.com

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Trades In Construction - Carpentry And Joinery

Carpentry and joinery is concerned with timber works. The difference between the two is:

· Carpentry is concerned with rough timber works, usually en masse and not in much detail. It is concerned with construction works like formwork construction, roof framing, timber scaffolding, et cetera. These are usually site works and can be either temporary or permanent. Most of the procedures here are cutting, splitting and joining.

· Joinery, on the other hand, is concerned with workshop-type of timber works, usually dealing with processed timber and mainly for cabinetry or such works. Most of the timber here is sawn and treated and the works are almost always permanent in nature. Machining of timber is common here, especially to achieve shapes and joints.

Whether carpentry or joinery, the following tasks are common in this trade.

· Cutting: This involves the reduction of size of timber to a consumable size. It is usually the practice to buy timber in bulk and then split it to give smaller pieces as required. Timber is usually measured in body-foot, with one body foot comprising of one inch height by one inch breadth by one foot length. Timber specification is also done in the same manner, for example, "2 x 2 Long 6". Depending on the quantity and quality required, this cutting can either be done by power chain saws, table mounted power saws or even hand saws. The cutting of other shapes, for example round shapes, is done using workshop machines like the crosscutter.

· Joining: most timber joints are done using hand tools, although mass production uses machines for the same. Common timber joints include mitre, butt and dowel. Gluing is usually done where extra strength is required. Hoop iron is also used like in the case of butt joints. Bolting and nailing is also common in overlapping joints as well as composite joints like timber to metal.

· Finishing: There are various ways of finishing timber, the most common being planning. This is done using planes, whether hand planes like the jack plane or using workshop machines for mass production. Staining and polishing is also common, mainly to bring out the grains as well tone timber to resemble a particular type. Painting is also a common form of timber finish.

It is important to note at this point that carpentry and joinery is concerned with the following variants of materials.

· Softwood: This refers to timber got from exotic trees. These are usually 'weaker', owing to the fact that the trees from where they were cut are usually quick maturing and therefore not compact enough. Softwoods are easily attacked by pests and elements of weather and are therefore not recommended for exposed and long-term works.

· Hardwoods: This is the timber that is got from deciduous type of trees. They are usually very strong and robust. They also offer a good aesthetic finish and are therefore common in furniture and stained panels. Trees offering this timber include mahogany, meru oak and camphor.

· Manufactures timber: The most common products here are boards like hardboard, plywood and MDF. They are factory manufactured and therefore meant for specific purposes, owing to their quality at manufacture.

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Construction Toys For Kids From Real Construction

If it's the best construction toys for kids you are searching for then the Real Construction Super Deluxe Workshop must be right on the top of your Christmas buying list. Now you can introduce your young ones to children's educational toys that they'll enjoy, are easy to use and give them long lasting life abilities without them having to take a seat in front of a display screen, whether that's a TV or laptop.

All parents can most likely remember when they or a sibling wished to mimic or take part when one of their parents was doing a little D.I.Y.. I do not know what it is however I clearly remember my brother "throwing one" when my Dad did not allow him to assist on a number of occasions. As we grow up we learn and understand why, tools in the improper hands simply aren't safe. We can all imagine the damage, to property and themselves, that a saw may cause...ouch.

And now I find myself in the very same position. My son, once I'm doing my Do it yourself odd jobs, drives me mad asking to assist. Now the painting and decorating is just not that much of an issue, on the safety front anyway, however those odd occasions I feel it essential to get out my tools, like hammer, saw and drill, he's there, keen as mustard, wanting to assist his Mom. Not a bad idea - he could do it all for me if only he was capable - but you understand, you must have eyes in the back of your head to be able to keep an eye on your little helper and complete the job in hand.

Well, now you may reap the benefits of children's educational toys, in the form of the Real Construction Super Deluxe Workshop to permit your youngsters, sons or daughters, to safely join in those D.I.Y. actions until now were just to unsafe to permit. They will use their very own complete tool kit to saw, hammer, drill and construct just like their parents and grand parents do. All in total safety and with no untidiness or risk of some unimaginable injury.

The set arrives with over one hundred thirty pieces, clearly the vast majority of these are screws and nails but it also has the correct amount of Kids-Wood, building equipment and accessories to deal with the tasks or for your little one to experiment in their own wood working project. On the subject of tools, these construction site toys are well made, looking like they will take the rough and tumble they'll almost definitely receive during their extensive use. They all do the job intended and as that is the costliest set it really does have a thorough tool box full of kids construction toy tools. There is a hand saw and a detail saw, utilized for cutting the wood, along with hammer and screwdriver for fixing together these lengths of wood with the included nails and screws. The tape measure, level and square are great children's educational toys in their own right, educating youngsters numbers, addition, angles and measurement. Include a mitre saw and mitre box, used to produce joints, hole cutters/borers, a number of hinges along with both a cloth tool belt, to keep the tools close at hand when working, and a tool box, to keep everything in when your up-and-coming construction worker is not actually at work, and you begin to see the fantastic value packed into these construction toys for kids.

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26 Ideas for Construction Safety Meeting Topics

Before starting any construction work in chemical plant, you will want to conduct construction safety meeting which is attended by safety in charges within your company or plant, construction workers and labors. It is usually conducted daily, weekly and or monthly within the construction schedule.

At that time, you should choose appropriate construction safety meeting topics. They are very important in which you communicate any safety-related topics with the construction jobs.

Below here are 26 ideas that you can choose for the construction safety meetings in the plant site. Selection of the topics will depend on hazard level of each construction work that you have assessed through the hazard identification and risk assessment.
Company's safety regulations
Safety work permit procedure
Hot work permit procedure
Wearing personal protective equipment
Potential hazards at the plant site
Fire safety precautions
Working under confined spaces
Welding, brushing and grinding safety
Hazardous chemicals handling
How to safely handle flammable gas and liquid
Compressed gas safety
Electric tools
Electrical hazards at the construction site
Hard hat usage
Eye goggles usage
When to use hearing protection devices
Scaffolding
Fall protection
Safety of construction ladder
Crane safety
Chain block
Safety checklist for demolition
Chemical cleaning
Hydrostatic pressure safety
Construction communication procedure
Emergency response procedure

Select one of the above construction safety meeting topics according to construction work types. For instance, if the construction works done under confined spaces, you should prioritize confined space as your construction safety meeting topics. Give more weight on that topic. But always bear in mind that to give only topic for each meeting.

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★ Minecraft Hard Mode - Arrow Factory Construction! - TGN

See the complete show! — Minecraft-Hard-Mode-show.tgn.tv — TGN Visit TTB at www.youtube.com Follow TTB on Facebook! www.facebook.com Tell us what you think in the comments below. If you like this video, click "Like" and Subscribe to our channel to get more! =-=-=-= ▶ TGN.TV -- Get more views! See tgn.tv ▶ TGN Times -- Get more news! See http ▶ TGN Stratics -- Discover Stratics! See stratics.com ▶ Follow us on Twitter! See http ▶ Join us on Facebook! See facebook.tgn.tv

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Professions In Construction - Architecture

This is among the main professions identifiable with the construction industry. The professional involved here is the architect. Most architects are trained at degree or post graduate level, although there are also diploma holders in the same field. Right under the architect is the draughtsman, who works as an assistant in the architectural office. Architecture is concerned with the design of buildings. They are the professionals that give a building its form, shape and all the facilities necessary for the building to fulfill its intended purpose.

For this reason, the architect is usually the first person that the prospective builder contacts for professional advice and service. Depending on the brief presented by the prospective builder, the architect develops the most probable design for the purpose. This is done in consideration with things like the environment, occupancy, statutory regulations et cetera. This design is usually a gradual process, starting with the broad outlook and zooming in until the most acceptable product is achieved. The architect is usually regulated by statutory bodies that ensure the design is in accordance to requirements, upon which it is approved.

After approval, the architect will either superintend upon the construction process or give the responsibility to a construction project manager. Where the architect leads the process, he will be in charge of hiring the construction team, including the quantity surveyor, contractor, engineer and others. He will be charged with the responsibility of heading the construction team throughout the construction period. The most notable task is leading site meetings. He acts as a link between the client and the contractor.a

The architect is usually paid a fee as a percentage of the total cost of the building and so the other professionals. They run architectural offices and are involved in a lot of paperwork. Drawing was previously by hand but with the introduction of Computer Aided Design (CAD) this is quickly shifting to the electronic side. The most common of these softwares are;

· Archicad

· Autocad

Both are usually on a commercial license although student versions are available. The use of CAD has reduced considerably the space needed for setting up an architectural office. The same can be said of the use of projectors for presentations in the place of pin ups. This has also reduced the need for paper, not mentioning saving on time! Architecture can be said as the profession that has really modeled the face of construction, both in the ancient days of the Roman entire to these days of Barge Dubai.

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RuneScape - Pax Aurelius' 99 Construction and Farming Party + Construction Guide 1 - 99

►►►►►►►►►►►►►►►►►►►►EXPAND◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄◄ Feel free to subscribe, if the yellow button isn't big enough just click this link (which is even smaller): =] nl.youtube.com Hey guys, good thing to read the description! I hope you'll enjoy this video. I'm now getting my fish up to 99 whereafter i will be getting woodcutting or perhaps something else. If you're waiting for my 99 rc (party)/guide I'm getting it in 2 or 3 weeks.(if everything works out) Feel free to share me some of your best videos and don't forget to: - Comment. - Rate. - Subscribe, if you like my videos. PM me if you got a question, or channel post or add me. If you don't like this video don't post things like "you're gay" and stuff because you only make yourself look like an idiot! That being said, I'm now off. Editing: Sony Vegas 9.0 Recording: Camtasia Studio 5 -=-=-=-=-DISCLAIMER-=-=-=-=- =- RuneScape is a registered trademark of JaGeX Limited. I do not claim, or have any, affiliation with JaGeX Ltd. This video was not intended for any personal gain, only for entertainment purposes. All comments by others are their own and I do not take responsibility for their actions. Consider this, free advertising: www.runescape.com -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- I do not claim that I created this music, it was created by other companies. consider this as a free advertising. this audio isn't used for ANY personal gain ...

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Night Construction in Shanghai

High rise construction taking place at night in Shanghai. You simply can't understand the level of construction taking place all over China without being there.

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Construction Surveying

Surveying is process which measures the dimension of an object that generally present on the surface of the Earth. The equipment which are used frequently for surveying includes levels and theodolites. These are used for precise or accurate measurement of angles, horizontal, vertical and slope distances. With the improvement of computer based technology such as electronic distance measurement (EDM), total stations, Geographic Positioning Systems (GPS) the traditional optical instruments have been replaced. Although, Land Surveying is common to all types of surveying, there are noticeable differences between land surveying and construction surveying.

Land Surveying Vs Construction Surveying

In many countries, Land Surveying is considered to be a distinguishable profession. For example, Land Surveyors have their own professional associations and licensing criteria. The licensed land surveyor performs boundary surveys and subdivision plans. Whereas construction surveying is generally performed by specialized well trained technicians. When compared with the land surveyors, the plans prepared by the construction surveyors do not have legal status.

Main features or task under construction surveying are as follows:
o Surveying of existing ground conditions of new construction site. This will cover, topography of site, measuring and recording the condition of existing buildings and infrastructure. Similarly measuring invert levels and dimensions of sewers and manholes that comes underground infrastructure.
o Setting-out or layout of proposed building site, and building location. Fixing of datums or reference or control points that will guide the construction of new structures such building, roads, canals and sewers, etc. Also, the construction surveying will ensure that there will not be major deviations from the planned construction based on the established reference points and markers. For example, the reference points or markers are established according to an arbitrary coordinates system. The continuous monitoring based on the reference points and base lines, the construction surveyor verify the location of structures while construction and do the necessary correction if needed.
o Preparation of As-Built Plans to ensure that the construction project or the building project was done according to the approved local authority drawings, specifications and regulations.

The Construction Surveying needs coordinate System. For example,

Arbitrary Coordinates based on Geodesic Coordinates

During construction surveying it is common to use arbitrary construction coordinate system. The arbitrary coordinate system is derived from the geodesic coordinates.

In the case of linear measurements (of roads, buildings) often a chainage or distance will be established from fixed based line such as the center line of the road. During construction, the building or other structures will be located with respect to chainage, offset, elevations, etc.

Building Axes are also have to be established in the case of construction of buildings. These axes are often fixed along the building column or foundation grids or major load bearing walls.

Reference Lines

In construction or building projects an arbitrary reference lines may be established either north-south or east-west directions. It may not necessarily be based on true coordinates.

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Construction Practices - Footings

Footings:

Normal footings should be 8-12" deep by 24" wide. When the land in use is not perfectly flat you must add "step downs" which are drops in the footing appearing as steps. At the end of the footing prior to the step down you should add a piece of plywood to stop the concrete from going any further. The step down should be 8" deep and 16" from the top of the upper footing to the bottom of the stepped down footing. The 8" step down is so the cmu blockwork will continue at a consistent run without having to fill in voids.

A normal imperfect lot may contain as many as 8 step downs then 8 step ups on the opposite side. A transit should be used when digging a footing and determining the proper locations for step downs in footings. A standard practice for steel rebar in footings for a residential application is double 5/8" rebar running continuous throughout the footing using bent pieces for corners and step downs. The rebar should be placed in standard "chairs" which hold the rebar off of the bottom of the footing. 5/8" all thread needs to be attached to the footing rebar every 6' to 8' depending on code of area and extending upwards past the point of the projected cmu foundation block height plus 8" .

Now you have a continuously tied in footing and all threads pointing up in the air to tie your structure to for uplift protection. Install grade stakes throughout the footing to assure that you have a continuously level concrete footing base. Don't forget the pier footings. The location is determined by a structural engineer or state licensed architect. The footings for them is basically the same as the home perimeter but without attaching to anything else and without vertical 5/8" all threads. The footing steel for the piers is a tic tac toe design using 5/8" rebar in chairs. Make sure that the footing height, also marked with grade stakes ends up being the same height as the perimeter footing or in increments of 8" up or down for adding cmu block to ensure a completely level footing ready for block. Pour the concrete to the grade stake height and smooth the concrete to a flat position. When the concrete dries you are ready to lay the foundation blocks.

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Construction Site Management - Material Storage

A construction site has many materials at any one point. Most of these are usually in their raw state, meaning that they will undergo some process before they can be input into the building to form a part of the building. They come in different forms and can be categorized as below;

· Factory Goods: These are mostly off the shelf items, they are unique in the fact that they can easily be resold and are therefore easy targets for pilferage. They are also delicate in the fact that they have unique storage requirements. Examples here include;

o Cement: The most important attribute to consider in the storage of cement is the fact that it reacts chemically when in contact with moisture. For this reason, it should be kept under shade and on a platform, away from excessive moisture.

o Ceramics: These include water closets, wash basins, Tiles and the like. They are extremely delicate and will easily break. This attribute is also shared with glasses. They should therefore be properly packaged in padded cartons and away from areas of much activity, usually under lock and key.

o Ironmongery: These include locks, hinges, handles and the like. Owing to their small sizes, they are prone to pilfering. These should also be kept well locked and only issued under strict accountability.

· Raw materials: This category belongs to the main items like stone, ballast and sand. These are not prone to the previous problems like weather and pilferage. However, they have one attribute that is being bulky. They consume a lot of space on site and require a generous allocation of storage space. These are best stored in bays and contained using things like stones, in the case of sand.

· Workshop finished items: This category also includes semi-finished items, for example in the case of timber. Items here are usually ready for installing in the works and are mostly purpose made. Some may have been imported from overseas and in their exact measurements. This means that damage or loss of such will lead to a very expensive work of replacement. Examples here include Fixtures, timber, roofing materials et cetera.

Material storage is a very important part of site management. How materials are delivered and dispatched determines how easily things flow. In almost all cases, site space is usually restricted and as such, material storage should be very well thought out. One thing to consider is that only the important and requisite materials and items per time should be stored on site to minimize on the risks mentioned above. Records should be kept very in good accuracy of all materials required, ordered, delivered, accepted, stored, dispatched, put to the works and any deficits. Good material storage ensures the following benefits on site.

· Easy movement around site
· Reduction in waste and damages
· Reduction of loss by theft or otherwise

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