History of Submarine

John Philip Holland emigrated to the United States in 1873. In 1875 his first submarine designs were submitted for consideration by the US Navy, but turned down as unworkable. The Fenians, however, continued to fund Holland's research and development expenses at a level that allowed him to resign from his teaching post. In 1881 Fenian Ram was launched, but soon after, Holland and the Fenians parted company angrily, primarily due to issues of payment within the Fenian organization, and between the Fenians and Holland. John Philip Holland continued to improve his designs and worked on several experimental boats, prior to his successful efforts with a privately built type, launched on 17 May 1897. This was the first submarine having power to run submerged for any considerable distance, and the first to combine electric motors for submerged travel and gasoline engines for use on the surface. She was purchased by the Navy (on 11 April 1900) after rigorous tests and was commissioned on 12 October 1900 as USS Holland. Six more of her type were ordered and built under the supervision of Arthur L. Busch, the head of construction at the Crescent Shipyard in Elizabeth, New Jersey and the same shipyard where the USS Holland (SS-1) was developed. This USS John Philip Holland design was also adopted by others, including the Royal Navy in developing the Holland class submarine. The Imperial Japanese Navy employed a modified version of the basic design for their first submarines ...

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